As the cartridge changes color the tap water filter removes calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride, carbonate, and fluoride. It removes all heavy metals including copper, zinc, lead, iron, cadmium, and aluminum. It also filters organic pollutants including insecticides, herbicides, PCBs, and pesticides as well as other undesirable contaminants such as phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, silicate, and nitrite.